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He followed a man named Dastager, a former Northern Alliance member against the Soviets and one of the most powerful men in the Takhar Province.Īsked what he looks for when selecting a boy, Dastager stated: " should be attractive, good for dancing. In 2010, PBS's Frontline newsmagazine aired a feature, The Dancing Boys of Afghanistan, wherein reporter Najibullah Quraishi explored bacha bazi customs. Once power was secured in the hands of these warlords, bacha bazi became a normalized practice. The sexual exploitation and slavery of as many boys as possible became a symbol of power and social status. In an effort to gain complete power and prestige in rural areas, some of these warlords raped, kidnapped and trafficked young boys. invasion in 2001, the power vacuum was filled by many former anti-Soviet commanders. Yet when the Taliban was removed after the U.S. In 2013, Foreign Policymagazine chronicled the rise of bacha bazi where, under the dominion of the Taliban, the custom was banned for going against Islamic law and those who practiced it did so secretly under great threat. These young boys, mostly born of poor families, are bought or kidnapped, forced into pseudosexual bondage by powerful and respected Afghan men, many of whom fought in the resistance against the Soviet Union's decade-long war in the country. Bacha bazi, or "playing with boys," involves dressing young boys as women and making them perform in front of audiences of men, often with overt sexual themes. And though it is a survival tactic against oppression, it should not have to exist.Īfghanistan's tradition of gender-swapping contains an even darker reality for boys. "This is the reality of Afghanistan," she said. She acknowledges that speaking against this popular practice will draw criticism, but bacha posh exists as a response to the dehumanization of women in Afghan society. When I am a boy, they don't speak to me like that."Īzita Rafaat, a former member of parliament and a mother of four daughters, the youngest of whom is a bacha posh, strives to refine Afghan laws to ensure rights for women. When I see that, I don't want to be a girl. "People use bad words for girls," the girl told Nordberg. In another interview, Nordberg spoke with a 15-year-old girl who had passed in public as a boy, but worried about growing into an adult life as an Afghan woman because of the oppression and harassment women face. At this point, the girls are of marriageable age and must take on the role of a woman. Because these girls are raised and treated as boys, they have immense difficulty when their parents make them behave and dress like girls once they enter puberty. There are no legal or religious rulings that speak against bacha posh, yet the practice still comes with negative repercussions. Yet her status as a bacha posh will only last for a few years her younger sisters will eventually have to take on this role. Her earnings keep the family afloat, but she admits that she wants better things-namely, she wants to look and act like a girl. For The New York Times, Nordberg interviewed Miina, a 10-year-old girl who goes to work in a small grocery store disguised as a boy. Even if there are those who may know of a son's true identity as a bacha posh, having a daughter pose as a boy for a few years enhances the family's social standing and is favorable to not having any sons at all.įor some families, having a bacha posh isn't a matter of honor or reputation, but a means of economic survival. Disguised daughters can attend better schools, play sports, escort their sisters outside and help their families with chores outside their homes. It is a decision that comes with plenty of benefits and freedoms. A response to this public shame and stigma is to transform a daughter into a son, at least cosmetically, cutting her hair and dressing her in male-appropriate clothing. The popularity of this trend stems from the generations-long parental preference of boys over girls in societies where families without sons are pitied. The custom is so popular, in fact, that Afghans often know someone-a friend, neighbor, distant relative, etc.-who grew up as a girl disguised as a boy, according to reporter and author Jenny Nordberg. But in Afghanistan, altering a child's appearance as masculine or feminine often signals a social response to oppression or even the trappings of abuse.įor girls, there is the commonly implemented custom of bacha posh, the Dari term for the representation of girls as boys. In a Western context, crossdressing and reversing gender roles are used as a means of outwardly expressing gender identity.